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Gingko biloba extracts protect auditory hair cells from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by inhibiting perturbation of gap junctional intercellular communication

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dc.contributor.author최, 성준-
dc.date.accessioned2014-11-14-
dc.date.available2014-11-14-
dc.date.issued2014-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/10920-
dc.description.abstractGap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) may play an important role in the hearing process. Cisplatin is an anticancer drug that causes hearing loss and Gingko biloba extracts (EGb 761) have been used as an antioxidant and enhancer for GJIC. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of EGb 761 in protecting against cisplatin-induced apoptosis and disturbance of GJIC. HEI-OC1 auditory cells were cultured and treated with cisplatin (50μM) and EGb (300μg/ml) for 24 h, and then analyzed by immunocytochemistry (Annexin V/ propidium iodide) and Western blots. The function of GJIC was evaluated by scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT). Basal turn organ of Corti (oC) explants from neonatal (p3) rats were exposed to cisplatin (1–10μM) and EGb (50–400μg/ml). The number of intact hair cells was counted by co-labeling with phalloidin and MyoVIIa. EGb prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis in immunostaining and decreased caspase 3 and poly-ADP- ribose polymerase (PARP) bands, which were increased in cisplatin-treated cells in Western blots. EGb prevented abnormal intracellular locations of Cx 26, 30, 31, and 43 in cells treated with cisplatin and increased quantities of Cx bands. EGb also prevented cisplatin-induced disturbance of GJIC in SLDT. In oC explants, EGb significantly prevented hair cell damage induced by cisplatin. In animal studies, EGb significantly prevented cisplatin-induced hearing loss across 16 kHz and 32 kHz. These results show that cisplatin induces ototoxicity including hearing loss as well as down-regulation of GJIC and inhibition of Cxs in auditory cells. EGb prevents hearing loss in cisplatin-treated rats by inhibiting down-regulation of Cx expression and GJIC. The disturbance of GJIC or Cx expression may be one of important mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.-
dc.description.abstract청각세포간 신호전달은 청각생리의 기전에 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. Cisplatin 은 항암제로써 이 약제를 사용시 청력저하를 유발된다. 은행엽 추출물(Ginko Biloba extracts 761)은 항산화제 역할을 하며 세포간 간극결합 억제를 예방할 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 Cisplatin 에 의한 세포사멸과 간극결합 억제에 대한 은행엽 추출물의 예방효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. HEI-OC1 청각세포를 배양 후 Cisplatin (50μM) 과 은행엽 추출물(300μg/ml)로 24 시간 처리한 후 Immunocytochemistry (Annexin V/ Propidium iodide) 과 Western blots 으로 분석하였다. 청각세포간 신호전달은 Scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 3 일된 쥐를 사용하여 Basal turn organ of Corti (oC) 채취한 후 Cisplatin (1–10μM) 과 은행엽 추출물 (50–400μg/ml)로 처리 하였다. 정상 Hair cell 의 수를 Phalloidin 과 MyoVIIa 으로 염색하여 계산하였다. Immunostain 결과 은행엽 추출물이 Cisplatin 에 의한 세포사멸을 예방하였고, Caspase 3 와 Poly-ADP- ribose polymerase (PARP) bands 의 반응을 저하시켰다. 은행엽 추출물이 Cisplatin 으로 처리된 세포내 Connexin 26, 30, 31, 43 비정상적인 분포를 예방하였다. SLDT 결과상 은행엽 추출물이 Cisplatin 에 의한 간극결합 억제 또한 예방하였다. oC explants 실험에서도 은행엽 추출물이 Hair cell 의 손상을 예방하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 동물실험에서도 은행엽 추출물이 주파수 16 kHz 와 32 kHz 에서 Cisplatin 에 의한 청력저하를 예방하였고, Phalloidin stain 과 SEM를 통하여 청각세포의 형태를 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들을 통하여 우리는 Cisplatin 에 의해 청력저하 및 청각세포간 간극결합 억제가 유발됨을 알 수 있었고, 은행엽 추출물이 Cisplatin 에 의한 청각세포의 간극결합 억제를 예방하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 청각세포간 간극결합의 장애가 Cisplatin 에 의한 이독성의 중요한 기전임을 알 수 있었다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsABSTRACT i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

LIST OF FIGURES iii

ABBREVIATION iv

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1

Ⅱ. MATERIAL AND METHODS 7

A. In vitro experiments –apoptosis of auditory cells

1. Auditory cell culture 7

2. Cell viability assay 7

3. 4'6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining 8

4. Western blot analysis of caspase-3, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP),

Cx26,and Cx43 8

5. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of

Cx26, Cx30, Cx31, and Cx43 9

6. Immunocytochemistry of Cx26, Cx30, Cx31, and Cx43 10

7. Scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT) assay 10

B. Ex vivo experiments - in vitro organ of Corti (oC) culture 12

C. In vivo experiments 13

1. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test 13

2. Phalloidin staining 14

3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 14

Ⅲ. RESULTS 16

A. In vitro experiments –apoptosis of auditory cells 16

1. Protective effects of EGB 761 on cisplatin-induced death in HEI-OC1 cells 16

2. Protective effects of EGB 761 on cisplatin-induced apoptosis 18

3. Protective effects of EGb 761 on the inhibition of GJIC by cisplatin 20

B. Ex vivo experiments - in vitro oC culture 26

C. In vivo experiments 28

1. Shift of ABR thresholds 28

2. Cochlear morphology - phalloidin staining and SEM 30

Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 32

Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 39

REFERENCES 40

국문요약 56
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dc.language.isoen-
dc.titleGingko biloba extracts protect auditory hair cells from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by inhibiting perturbation of gap junctional intercellular communication-
dc.title.alternative청각 세포간 신호전달과 관련된 Cisplatin의 이독성에 대한 은행엽 추출물의 예방효과-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.identifier.urlhttp://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000016585-
dc.subject.keywordGap Junction-
dc.subject.keywordConnexin-
dc.subject.keywordHearing loss-
dc.subject.keywordApoptosis-
dc.subject.keywordGingko biloba extracts-
dc.subject.keywordCisplatin-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.contributor.department대학원 의학과-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor최, 성준-
dc.date.awarded2014-
dc.type.localTheses-
dc.citation.date2014-
dc.embargo.liftdate9999-12-31-
dc.embargo.terms9999-12-31-
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