The Pathological Diagnosis and Interpretation of Pathological Results: Emphasis on Immunohistochemical Staining

Abstract

Hematoxylin and eosin staining is simple and one of the most important techniques in pathological diagnosis. However, it cannot provide complete information about the disease of a patient. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) is an important method for demonstrating the distribution of a certain molecule or antigen in tissues using specific antigen-antibody reactions. It is used in routine diagnostic work and research to explore biomarkers. In this review, I aim to provide an adequate interpretation of the results of IHC and pathological diagnosis for clinicians.