Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation Programs Using Head-Mounted Displays in Promoting Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Given the projected rise in the older population and associated health challenges, there is growing interest in innovative interventions, such as virtual reality, to enhance physical and mental well-being. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality simulation programs with head-mounted displays to promote physical activity among older adults. Methods: Studies were identified by querying PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A total of 2,365 articles were retrieved, and nine randomized controlled trials published between 2013 and 2023 were included. Results: The studies indicated significant improvements in physical outcomes such as balance and gait, as well as psychological benefits including reduced anxiety, depression, and stress. Cognitive enhancements and improved quality of life were also noted. Despite concerns about usability and side effects, older adults found the simulation programs engaging and manageable, with minimal adverse effects reported. Conclusion: This review highlights the promise of virtual reality with head-mounted displays for older adults, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize device design and usability and to explore long-term benefits and broader applicability.