Do Balloon Catheters have a Different Radial Force Along Their Longitudinal Axis?

Abstract

Purpose: This experimental study was designed to compare radial forces between the central portion and both ends of balloon catheters when dilating stenosis. Materials and Methods: Three balloon catheters of 6 and 8 mm in diameter and of variable length were tested: Mustang, Conquest, and Genoss PTA. Cylindrical modules to position balloon catheters and install the measuring tip during radial force measurements were made using a 3D printer. The measuring tip created 20% stenosis at the inner lumen. Both ends and center of the balloon catheter were located at the measuring tip. The radial force was measured after inflating the balloon catheter to the rated burst pressure. Results: For the different diameters and lengths of balloon catheters and cylinder sizes, the median inccenter, the radial rease in radial force at the distal end compared to the center was 16.5% (range: 9.8–35.2%) for Mustang, 12.4% (range: 10.3–25.5%) for Genoss, and 7.4% (range: −0.3–13.1%) for Conquest balloon catheters. Similarly, compared to that at the force at the proximal end was 10.8% greater (range: −2.9–18.3%) for Mustang, 9.9% greater (range: 3.9–22.3%) for Genoss, and 7.3% greater (range: −1.3–12.4%) for Conquest catheters. Conclusion: The radial force is greater at both ends of the balloon than at the central portion, especially at the distal end. Dilation using the distal end of the balloon catheter is a practical method that can be applied in clinical practice without additional devices when encountering resistant stenosis, especially with semi-compliant balloons. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)