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Gangliosides activate cultured rat brain microglia.

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dc.contributor.authorPyo, H-
dc.contributor.authorJoe, E-
dc.contributor.authorJung, S-
dc.contributor.authorLee, SH-
dc.contributor.authorJou, I-
dc.date.accessioned2011-09-07T05:03:58Z-
dc.date.available2011-09-07T05:03:58Z-
dc.date.issued1999-
dc.identifier.issn0021-9258-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/4077-
dc.description.abstractMicroglia, brain resident macrophages, are activated in brain injuries and several neurodegenerative diseases. However, microglial activators that are produced in the brain are not yet defined. In this study, we showed that gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, could be a microglial activator. Gangliosides induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The effect of gangliosides on NO release increased dose-dependently in the range of 10-100 microgram/ml; however, the effect decreased at concentrations higher than 200 microgram/ml. Specific types of gangliosides showed differential effects on microglial activation. Similar to gangliosides, GT1b induced production of NO and TNF-alpha and expression of COX-2. However, GM1 and GD1a induced expression of COX-2 but had little effect on NO and TNF-alpha release. The effect of gangliosides and GT1b on NO release was reduced in the presence of neuraminidase, which removes sialic acid residues from gangliosides and GT1b. Gangliosides activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase significantly but activated c-jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 relatively weakly. The inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by PD98059 reduced NO release from both gangliosides- and GT1b-treated microglia whereas inhibition of p38 by SB203580 increased it rather slightly. Gangliosides activated NF-kappaB, and N-acetyl cystein, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, reduced NO release. These results suggest that gangliosides could be a microglial activator that functions via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB.-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.subject.MESHAcetylcysteine-
dc.subject.MESHAmyloid beta-Peptides-
dc.subject.MESHAnimals-
dc.subject.MESHBrain-
dc.subject.MESHCulture Techniques-
dc.subject.MESHCyclooxygenase 2-
dc.subject.MESHEnzyme Inhibitors-
dc.subject.MESHFlavonoids-
dc.subject.MESHGangliosides-
dc.subject.MESHImidazoles-
dc.subject.MESHIsoenzymes-
dc.subject.MESHLipopolysaccharides-
dc.subject.MESHMAP Kinase Signaling System-
dc.subject.MESHMicroglia-
dc.subject.MESHMitogen-Activated Protein Kinases-
dc.subject.MESHNF-kappa B-
dc.subject.MESHNeuraminidase-
dc.subject.MESHNitric Oxide-
dc.subject.MESHNitric Oxide Synthase-
dc.subject.MESHNitric Oxide Synthase Type II-
dc.subject.MESHProstaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases-
dc.subject.MESHPyridines-
dc.subject.MESHRats-
dc.subject.MESHRats, Sprague-Dawley-
dc.subject.MESHSignal Transduction-
dc.subject.MESHTime Factors-
dc.subject.MESHTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-
dc.titleGangliosides activate cultured rat brain microglia.-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.pmid10574921-
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10574921-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor표, 한경-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor조, 은혜-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor이, 수환-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor주, 일로-
dc.type.localJournal Papers-
dc.citation.titleThe Journal of biological chemistry-
dc.citation.volume274-
dc.citation.number49-
dc.citation.date1999-
dc.citation.startPage34584-
dc.citation.endPage34589-
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationThe Journal of biological chemistry, 274(49). : 34584-34589, 1999-
dc.identifier.eissn1083-351X-
dc.relation.journalidJ000219258-
Appears in Collections:
Journal Papers > School of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine > Pharmacology
Journal Papers > School of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine > Physiology
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