A Path Model Predicting Medication Adherence and Self-care of Low-income Older Adults with Hypertension

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence medication adherence and self-care among low-income older adults with hypertension.

Methods: A sample of 297 low-income older adults with hypertension was recruited from June 30 to July 30, 2010. Data collection was done using a face-to-face interview with structured questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson"s correlation coefficient, and path analysis.

Results: Subjective health status, duration of hypertension, number of drugs excluding antihypertensives, body mass index, knowledge about hypertension, sense of coherence, benefit, barrier, and self-efficacy were identified as significant predictors. Subjective health status and duration of hypertension, knowledge, depression, and self-care showed direct effects on medication adherence. Depression had the strongest direct influence on medication adherence. Body mass index, benefit, self-efficacy, and depression showed a direct effect on self-care. Sense of coherence was a strong predictor of depression which significantly influenced on medication adherence and self-care.

Conclusion: For enhancing medication adherence and self-care, it is suggested that a psycho-education program reducing depression and increasing knowledge about hypertension should be provided into low-income older adults with hypertension.